Alternating-current rectifier and rectifying system.



L CHESLER.

ALTERNATING CURRENT RECTIFIER AND RECTIFYING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 24,1913.

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J.' CHESLER.

ALTERNATING CURRENT RECTIFIER AND REC'HFYING SYSTEM.

APPLiCATlON FILED JULY 24,1913. 1,182,894. Patented May 16, 1916.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2 5y 9 W ATTORNEYS .I. CHESLER. ALTERNATING CURRENT RECTIFIER AND RECTIFYING SYSTEM.

Patented May16, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 24, I913.

- WITNESSES: I

422' A TTOR/VEYS J. CHESLER.

A L TERNATING CURRENT RECTIFIER AND RECTIFYING SYSTEM.

APPLiCATlON FILED JULY 24,1913- Patented May16, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES T TORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT oFEicE.

JERRY oHEsLEE, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO NEW JERSEY PATENT COMPANY, OF WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORA- IION OF'NEW JERSEY.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT RECTIFIER AND RECTIFYING SYSTEM.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, J ERRY CHESLER, a subject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of East Orange, in the county .of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Alternating-Current Rectifiers and Rectifying Systems, of which the following is a description.

My invention relates to. alternating current rectifiers and rectifying systems, and more particularly to improved multiple-unit units are of the vibrating contact type, this.

'- which will be alike in rectifiers, preferably of the type in which vibrating contacts are employed to open and close a circuit or circuits, connected to a source of alternating current and to a direct current translating device or devices in such a manner as to cause the current to pass into the direct current translating device or devices in one direction only.

My invention, while capable of being used for many other purposes, is especially adapted for use in charging storage batteries and for supplying uni-directional current to electro-plating baths.

v\Vhere a plurality of separate rectifying units are employed for rectifying an alternating current, these units are almost always more or less out of phase. If the rectifying is partly'due to the fact that the energizing coils for the different units are of varying resistance, and partly because the condensers, used to compensate for the inductancein the units and the inertia of themovable parts thereof, vary in capacity. For these and other reasons, it is practically impossible to make separate rectifying units action and effect. Consequently, the use of a plurality of such separate rectifying units. which would not be in phase for-the reasons indicated, would prevent the best results from being secured, as the vibrating contacts thereof would not be actuated to open and close the circuit or circuits, including the battery or other translating device or devices to be supplied with uni-directional current, at the proper times, and, as a result, there would be a considerable loss in efficiency in rectifying the alternating current.

The principal object of my invention is to provide anvi'mproved multiple-unit rectifier of such construction that all the units there- Specification of Letters Patent.

capacity is thus secured.

..the contacts of a plurality of units of the rectifying device connected either in parallel, in series. or in series-parallel in each circuit for supplying unidirectional current toa translating device or devices. The parallel connection affords a plurality of current conducting paths through the rectifying device, and a large current carrying The series connection affords a plurality of breaks in series in the units so connected, whereby sparking is reduced and the apparatus is rendered capable of rectifying currents of relatively high voltage. The series par allel connection combines the advantages of the series and parallel connections.

' My invention also consists in improved alternating current rectifying systems, including rectifying devices of the type here'- inbefore described, for utilizing either only alternate half waves or both waves of alternating current.

Other objects and features of my invention will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

' In the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification-Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of-a twounit rectifier, in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the broken line 22 of Fig, 1, parts being shown in elevation, and parts being omitted; Fig. 3

is a perspective view of a detail of construc-' tion; Fig. i is a perspective view of one of the contact carrying members, partly broken away, with the contact mounted thereon;

Patented May 16, 1916.

ApplicationfiledJuly 24, 1913. Serial No. 780,860.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of an alternatmg current rectifying system, including my improved two-unit rectifier, for utilizing both half waves of alternating current; Fig. (i is a diagrammaticview ofa rectifying system, including my two-unit rectifier, foFutilizingonly alternate half waves of the alternating current, the two units of the rectifier being connected in parallel in the charging circuit. Fi '.'7 is a plan view, partly broken away, of a'slx-umt rectifier rectifier", for utilizing both half waves of al-' ternating' current, two groups of three units each. cf the rectifier, being respectively connected in series in the battery charging circuits. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view of an alternating current rectifying system,- in-' cluding my six-unit rectifier, for utilizing only alternate half waves of alternating current, all. the units of the rectifier being connected in series in a single battery charging circuit. Fig. 12 is a' view similar to Fig. 10,

showing all the units of the rectifier connected in parallel in the battery charging circuit; and Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic plan view of a four-unit rectifier in accordance with my invention.

In the two-unit rectifier shown in Figs. 1 and 2, reference character 1 represents two substantially U-shaped magnetic cores preferably made up of soft iron laminae se-. cured together in any suitable manner, as by the bolts or screws 2, 3, 4 and 5. The

'middle portions or bases ofthe U-shaped cores, which are preferably vertically dis-' posed, are preferably electrically insulated from each other in any suitable manner, and

are surrounded by a single energizing coil 6 composed of a number of turns OfWlI'G suitably insulated fromeach other and from the cores 1. The insulation 6, for insulating the coil 6 from the cores 1, is preferably molded on the cores and thus serves as means for holding the cores firmly together, as shown in Fig. 1.' It is to be understood,

.however, that any. other-suitable means may be employed for fastening cores 1 together, in which case the coil (3 may be loosely disposedabout the cores. On the upper horizontal portions or legs of the cores 1, are mounted members 7, preferably of non-mag- ,netic material, such as copper or brass, these members 7 being insulated in any suitable manner from the cores 1. The members 7 have depending portions 8. (see Fig. 3) embracing the upper horizontal portions or legs of the cores 1 and provided with holes through which the screws or bolts 5 are extended, whereby the members 7 are secured in place upon the scores 1, the. screws or bolts being suitably insulated from portions 8, as shown in Fig. 2. At one end of each of the members 7, an upturned portionv 11 is provided, such portion having a verl tically extending slot 12. At the sides of members 7, upturned portions or lugs 10 are provided which serve as guides for prefer- I ably rectangular, contact-carrying members 14. Each contact-carrying member 14 is preferably of non-magnetic material, such as copper or brass, and is-provided at its sides and one end with upwardly extending comb-like portions 15, which serve to radiate and dissipate the heat'produced at the con-.

tacts during the operation of the rectifying device, thereby preventing excessive rise of temperature and reducing the tendency to spark. That end of each of the contact carrying members 14 opposite the end pro-' vided with a comb-like portion 15, has arecess in which is mounted a contact 16% referably of carbon or graphite, said co tact 16 being secured to the member 14 in engagement with the rear wall of the recess therein, in any suitable manner, as by means of abolt or screw 17. Contact 16 extends Reference character 18 represents a projection, formed on each of the members 14, which is provided with a screw threaded hole whereby a conducting wire may be readily connected to said member by means of a binding screw 18. Each of the members 14 is also provided with a vertically extending slot 19 through which is extended a screw or bolt 20 which is'scren-threaded into an opening 20 in the member 7, and the head of which cooperates with a washer 21 to secure the contact carrying member in adjusted position. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the members 14, two members 22 are provided which are respectively screwthreaded into the inner ends of the members 14, and each of which has a cylindrical portion, formed between collars 23 and 24, engaging the slots 12 of members 7.. Each of the members 22 is also provided with a pinion 25. A crown gear 25 engages both of the pinions 25, and preferably rests on the upper surfaces of the horizontal upper portions or legs of cores 1 between the upturned portions 11 of members 7. crown gear is insulated from the cores 1 in any suitable manner. WVhen the crown gear is, turned, theengagement thereof with gears 25 will effect the rotation of members 22, and the screw-threaded engagement of the latter witlrcontact carrying members 14 is such that the will thereupon serve to simultaneousl ad1ust such contact carrying members, an thereby contact 16, by moving the same either forward. or backward, between the guides 10 of members 7, according-to the direction in which crown gear 25. is turned.

Collars 23 and 24 onmemberstm prevent longitudinal movement of these; members This . may be fixed to or formed integral with cores 1, they are each preferably provided with two vertically extending walls 26 between which the ends ,of the lower legs of the cores 1 respectively extend,

and these members 26 are hingedly'mounted upon the bolts or screws 3 so that they may be easily moved into or out of operative position, their operative positions being shown in full lines in Fig. 1 and the inoperative position of one of them in broken lines. The bolts or screws 4 serve as pins to retain the members 26 in operative position.- Each of the core members 26 has a portion surrounded by a coil 27, said coil consisting of a. number of turns of wire suitably insulated from each other and from the core member 26. lVhen in operative position, the portions of members 26 carrying the coils 27-are preferably vertically disposed. Adjacent its lower end, each of the members 26 is provided with a binding screw 28 for the attachment of conducting wires. A portion of each of the members 26 above the coil 27 is extended toward the end of the upper leg of the core 1 to which the member 26 is connected, and has an upwardly extending portion 29 opposite such end of the upper leg of core 1. The upwardly extending portion 29 of each core member 26, has threaded into it, a screwthreaded member 30 having a knurled head 31 On each'of the screw-threaded members 30,is mounted a locking member or nut'32 provided with a handle 33 to facilitate the operation thereof. Each pair of coiiperating core members 1 and 26, with their respective coils 6 and 27', may either be considered'as two distinct electro-magnets; or all the cores 1 and the core members 26 connected'the'rewith may be considered as a unitary core structure comprising a main portion and a plurality of branches extending from the main portion, the said main pcrtion having a single energizing coil 6 and each of said branches having an energizing coil 27. The coil-6 is adapted to" be energized by an alternating current, preferably the alternating current to be rectified, for

producing an alternating magnetic flux in position, as -hownin Fig. 1, the upturned As aliove stated,

631a ee portions 29 thereof and the ends of the up per legs of cores 1, on which the contact carrying members 14; are mounted, are respectively opposed and slightly spaced apart to form small air gaps. In these air gaps the soft iron armaturcs 35, elongated and preferably comparatively flat, are located, the said armatures 35 being pivotally mounted at their lower ends, preferably on the .pins or bolts 31 which are supported in the core members 26.

It will, therefore, be apparent that each of the arm'atures is included in the magnetic circuits respectively produced by one of the cores 1 and coil 6, and one of the core members and its coil 27, and will be affected by the magnetic flux of each of such circuits. Each of the armatures 35 has a contact portion 36 at its upper end and is so located as to make and break contact with the adjacent contact 16 in its vibration. The s'crewthreaded members 30, which are preferably of non-magnetic material serve as back stops for the armatures 35. Each of the armatures 35 is provided, near its pivot, with a binding screw 37 to which is connected conducting wire or pigtail 38, the latter also being connected to one of the core members 26 adjacent the lower end thereof by the binding screw28. As indicated in Fig. 1, either of the core portions 26, together with its coil 27 and the armature carried thereby, may be swung on its pivot 53, after removing the pin or screw 1, out of operative position in order to enable the operator to examine and clean or adjust the contacts and other parts which are rendered accessible by so swinging the member 26 into inoperative position.

In the system shown in Fig. 5, reference characters 40 and i1 represent the mains of an alternating current circuit, across which is connected a transformer primary 42. Across the terminals of primary 42is connected, by means of conductors as and 45, the coil 6 of a twounit rectifier, such as has been described above. A storage battery which is to be charged, is shown at 46. Across the terminals of the storage battery 46 is connected, by means of conductors 47 and lb and conductors 50 and 51' respectively, the coils 27 of the two core members 26. The terminals of the transformer secondary -13 are respectively connected to the two contacts 16 by conductors 52 and The two binding screws 28 of the rectifier are each connected to one terminal of the rect curre lb from the batter -16 and consequently the core members 26 are each polarillustration, it will be assumed that the left hand core member 26 in Fig 5 is polarized in such a direction as to produce a north pole at ts upper end, while the. right hand core member 26 is polarized in .such a'direction as to produce a south pole at its upper end.

The operation of one of the units of the rectifying device in'the system shown in Fig. 5, for example, the left hand unit, may be briefly described as follows: Under the conditions assumed, the magnetic flux in the core member 26 would tend to p'olarize the upper end of armature 35 as a south pole. The cross section of the iron in the core member 26 and in the armature 35 is preferably small as compared with the cross section of the iron in the core 1, the apparatus being so designedthat the core member 26 is magnetically saturated by very little current flowing through coil 27, which may be accomplished by having a large number of turns of Wire in the coil 27. There is, therefore, practically no increase in the magnetic flux in the core member 26 when the battery voltage rises. to its highest value during charge. The core 1, being energized by the coil 6 connected with the alternating current, has an alternating magnetic flux produced in it of suiiicient value to neutralize and overcome the flux produced in the armature 35 by the core member 26 having the direct current coil 27. \Vhen the flux in the core 1 falls to zero, the upper end of armature 35 will be rendered a south pole and attracted by the upper end of the core member 26 which is always magnetized, and

thereby they contact between contact portion 36 and contact 16 is broken. If the succeeding half wave of the alternating current is in such a direction as to produce a north pole in the upper end of the core 1,'the upper end of the armature will remain of south polarity and the armature will remain in open position, because the air gap between the core 1 and the upper end of the armature 35 is too great to permit the armature 35 to be pulled into contact closing position in opposition to the magnetic effect exerted thereon by the upper end of core member 26. The succeeding half wave will render the upper end of the core 1 a south pole and change the polarity of the upper end of the armature 35 from south to north,

closed during every other halfwave and remains open during the remaining half waves. The operation of the light hand unit of the rectifying device in the system shown in Fig. 5 is the same as that of the left hand unit just described, except that,

due to the fact that the core member 26 of this unit is polarized in such a direction as to render the upper end thereof always a south pole, the contact 16 and contact por tion 36 of this unit will be in engagement when the contact 16 and contact portion 36 of the left hand unit are in open position and vice versa. The battery charging circuit controlled by the right hand unit will, therefore, be closed during the half waves the battery charging circuit controlled by the left hand unit is open and vice versa.

During one half wave of alternating current, when the battery charging circuit controlled by the left hand unit of the rectifying device of the system in Fig. 5 is.closed, the charging current flows over the following circuit: Starting at the middle point of transformer secondary 13, through conductors 56 and 17, storage battery 16, conducture 35 and contact 16 of the left hand unit,

to the conductor-.52 and one terminal of the transformer secondary 43. At this time, the battery charging circuit controlled by the right hand unit is open and no current flows through the circuit. A half wave later the charging current flows over the following circuit: From the middle point of transformer secondary43 through conductors 56 and 17, storage battery 16, conductors 50 and 55, and binding screw 28, armature 35 and contact 16 of the right hand unit of the rectifier, to conductor 53 and the other terminal of the transformer secondary 13. At this time the battery charging circuit controlled by the left hand unit is open and nocurrent flows through this circuit. In this manner uni-directional current is supplied to the battery 46 during successive half waves of alternating current. The function of the adjustable condenser 49, in circuit with the alternating current coil 6, is to advance the phase of the current in the coil in order to compensate for the retardation due to the inductance of the coil 6 and for the inertia of the armatures 35, and to cause the battery charging circuits to be broken at the proper times to prevent sparking and to secure the greatest efficiency.

controls the energization of the direct cur-- rent coils and insures current being supplied to the battery in the proper direction, it is unnecessary to exercise caution in connecting Inasmuch as the polarity of the battery the battery terminals to my improved rectifying device. Furthermore, in case of failure of current in the alternating current-circuit or upon abnormal drop in voltage therein, the battery charging circuits are auto-- matically opened and there can be no back discharge from the battery. Therefore, in systems including my improved rectifier. it

"it unnecessary to employ. auxiliary cut-out switches to prevent such back discharge upon such failure of the alternating current or abnormal drop of voltage therein.

In the system shown in Fig. 6 the contacts I rectifier, the units of which are preferably of the units of myimproved two-unit rectifier are connected in parallel in a single circu1t 'for supplying-un1-d1rect1onal current to v a storage battery, and the two. armatures 35 rectifying device will have a large currentoperate simultaneously to open and close such circuit. As connected 1n this system the carrying capacity. In this system the coil 60f the. rectifieris connected across the ter- 'minals'o transformer primary 4:2 by conductorsAA and 45 and the coils 27 are connectedacross the terminals of the battery 46 by conductors 57 and 58 and conductors 60 and 61 respectively, the coils 27 being so wound and connected as to polarize both core members 26 in the same direction. One terminal ofthe transformer secondary 43 is connected to both contacts-16 by means of conductor 62 and its branches 63 and 64.

'- Thebinding'screws 28 are connected to one I Ward and from the respective contacts 16' is as follows: As both core members 26 are polarized in the same direction, the upper ends thereof will constitute like poles and the alternating magnetic flux in the cores 1 will render the upper ends of both armatures 35 south poles at the same time and north poles at the same time. Consequently, the vibrations of the two armatures 35.to-

will exactly correspond, During one half wave of alternating current the armatures 35 will be in engagement with the respective I contacts 16 and the battery charging circuit will be closed, as shown in Fig. 6..

The charging current then flows over the following circuit: From one terminal of transformer-secondary 4:3 through conductor 62,

then dividing and flowing through the branches 63 and 64, contacts 16, armatures 35, binding screws 28 and conductors 59 and .58 and conductors 65' and 60 respectively to one terminalof the battery 46, then through the battery,- to the conductors 57 and 6 6 and the other terminal of the secondary 43. ,Du'ring the. succeeding half wave the armatures 35 are out of engagement 'with contacts 16 and the battery charging circuit is open.

It will be apparent that my. improvedtwounit rectifier may also be readily connected in a system for utilizing only alternate halfunits of the rectifier connected in series in the battery or other charging circuit. Such an arrangement would render the rectifier capable of rectifying alternating currents of relatively high voltage, as there would be a. plurality of breaks in series in the rectifier.

In Figs. 7 and 8, Phaveshown asix-unit lating material, such as slate, andto which the units are suitably connected, as by screws or bolts The inner ends of the adjusting members 22, for adjusting the contact carrying members 14 and contacts 16, are provided with bevel gears instead of pinions, as in the two-unit rectifier. Engaging all of the bevel gears 75, is a large bevel gear.

76 which rests on suitable insulation, carried by the upper surfaces of the cores 1 of the units, and which is held in position by the upstanding portions llof members 7. Bevel gear 76 is suitably secured, as by screws 78, to an upwardly extended. handle 77. The turning of handle 77 will cause bevel gear 76 to turn bevel gears 75, and thereby screwthreaded members 22, to simultaneously adjust contacts 16 toward or away from armatures 35 according to the direction in which the handle is turned. a

The six-unit rectifying device shown in Figs. 7 and 8 may be employed in various rectifying systems, and, in Figs 9 to- 12, several of such systems are shown.

Fig, 9 shows a system for utilizing both half waves of alternating current in which the contacts of two groups of three. units each of my six-unit rectifier are respectively connected in parallel in two battery charg ing circuits, whereby an alternating current of relatively high amperage may be efficiently rectified withoutcausing any appreciable sparking in the rectifying device. In

the system shown in this figure, the energizing coil 6 for the cores -1 is connected across the mains of the alternating current circuit by conductors 44 and 45. The coils 27, of the three units comprising one of the groups, and the coils 127, of the three-units of the other group, areconnected across the. ter- -minals of the storage battery 46 by conductors- 80: and 81 to produce a uni-directional flux in each o-f'the core members 26. The

windings 27 ofthetw'o groups of units are so arranged and connected, however, that 6 contacts 16 and armatures 35 of one group of units of the rectifier are connected in parallel in one battery charging circuit by means of conductor 82 connected to one terminal of the secondary 43, conductors 83 and 84 connected to the other terminal of battery 46, and branches 85 and 86 extending from conductors 82 and 83 respectively, and respectively connected to contacts 16 and armatures 35. The contacts 16 and armatures 35 of the othergroup of units are connected in parallel in another battery charging circuit byconductor 88 connected to the other terminal of the secondary 43, conductors 89 and 84, and branches 90 and 91 extending from conductors88 and, 89 respectively, and respectively connected to the contacts 16 and armatures 35 of this group.

T heoperation of the system shown in Fig. 9 may be briefly described as follows: During one half wave of alternating current,

one of the battery charging circuits will be open and the other battery charging circuit will be closed. At this time thecharging current will flow through the latter circuit to the battery. A half wave later the circuit which *as closed, during the preceding half wave, will be open and the other circuit will be closed, and the charging current will now flow through the lattei circuit: .The How of current through the battery will be in the same direction during both halt waves.

Fig. 10 shows a system for utilizing both half waves of alternating current in which the contacts of two groups of three units each, of my six-unit rectifier, are respectively connected in series in two battery charging circuits, whereby the rectifying device will operate eliiciently'on alternating currentof relatively high voltage without appreciable sparking. In the-system shown in this figure, the coil 6 ofthe rectifier'is connected across the mains of the alternating current circuit and the coils 27 of the two groups of units are connectedacross the terminals of battery 46 in the same manner as in the system shown in Fig. 9. ()ne terminal oi the battery 46 is also connected to the middle. point of the t'anst'ormer secondary 43 by conductor 87. The contacts 16 and armatures 35 of one group of units are. however, connected in series in one of the battery charging circuits by means of conductor 92 connected to one terminal of the secondary 43 and one of the contacts 16, conductors 93, and conductor 94 connecting one of the a'rmatures 35 with the other ter minal of the battery 46, and the contacts 16 and armatures 35 of the other group of units of the rectifier are connected in series in another battery charging circuit by a conductor 95, connected to the other terminal of the secondary 43 and to one of the contacts 16, conductors 96, andconductor 94. The operation of the system shown in Fig. 10 is similar to that shown in Fig. 9, except that, when one of the battery charging circuits is closed during one half wave, the charging current flows in a single path through the group of units included in that circuit and, when the other battery charging circuit is closed, the charging current flows in a single path through-the other group of units.

Fig. 11 shows a system for utilizing only alternate half waves of alternating current, in which the contacts of all the units of the rectifier are connected in series in a single battery charging circuit, whereby although the battery charging circuit will be closed during only alternate half waves, the rectifier will be capable of operating efficiently on alternating currents of very high voltage.

In" the system shown in this figure, coil 6 isconnected across the 'mains of the alternatmg current circuit as 1n the systems shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The coils 27 are all onnected in series across the terminals of battery 46 by conductors 96, 97, and 98; the

units will be out of engagement and the battery charging circuit will be open. During the succeeding half wave all the coiiperating contacts and armatures 16 and 35 will be closed, thereby closing the battery charging circuit. and current will then flow fronr one terminal of the secondary 43 through conductors 45 and 100. in series through contacts 16 armatures and conductors 101. then through conductors 102 and 96, and battery 46. to conductor 99 and the other terminal of secondary 43.

Fig. 12 shows a system for utilizing only alternate halt waves of alternating current. in which the contacts of all the units of the rectifier are connected in parallel in a single battery charging circuit. whereby a plurality of current conducting paths are provided through the rectifier, and a very large current-carrying capacity is thus secured. In the system shown in this figure, coil 6 is connected across the mains oi the alternating current circuit, and all the coils 27 are connected in series across the terminals of battery 16, in the same. manner as in the system shown in Fig. 11. One terminal of the battery 16 is connected to one terminal of secondary 43 by conductor 99. Contacts 16 and the coiiperating armatures 85 are con-.

nected in parallel with the other terminal of battery 46 and the other terminal of secondary 13 by conductors 107, 103, 1045,

1055' and 106. The operation of the system in Fig. 12 is-similar to that of Fig. 11, ex-

ceptthat, when the battery charging circuit is closed during one half wave of alternating current, current flows from one terminal of secondary tt through conductors 106 and 105 andthendivides and flows in parallel =through the respective conductors armatures 35, contacts 16 and branches 103 I over the charging circuit at this time.

employed in a system for utilizing only alternate half wavesoi the alternating current circuit, with the contacts of the units thereof connected in series-parallel in a single circuit, for supplying uni-directional current to a translating device or devices, whereby current having both relatively high voltage and high amperage may be rectified. I

In Fig. 13, I have shown, diagrammati cally, a four-unit rectifier, the four cores 1 of which are preferably insulated from each other, and each of which cores 1 is provided with a core member 26. This rectifier is capable of being used in all the ways in which the six-unit rectifier may be used, although for the same size of units, it is incapable of operating on currents of as high voltage and amperage as the six-unit rectifier.

The units of all the rectifiers described herein, are each preferably of substantially the same construction as the rectifier disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 777.807, filed July 8, 1913, and entitled,

alternating current rectifiers and rectifying systems. However, it desirable, core men!- bers 20 may be made integral with, or oti1f= erwise fixed to, cores 1 to thereby form a rigid core structure. Permanent magnets, either pivotally connected with, or fixed to cores 1, may also be used insteadfiof core members 26 and their coils 27.

It is to be understood that my invention' is not limited to rectifiers having two, four or six units, but includes rectifiers having any number of units. Where it is. desired My six-unit rectifier may'a-lso be readily rectifying system including a multiple-unit rectifier having eight or more units may be employed, with the contacts of groups of units thereof connected in series-parallel in each of the circuits supplying uni-directional current to a translating device'or devices. I i

Under some circumstances, for example, when the contacts of the units of the rectifier are connected in parallel in a single charging circuit,- 'as in the systems shown in Figs. 6 -and12, it is unnecessary to electrically insulatexthe cores 1 of the rectifier from each other. Accordingly under such conditions, the cores 1 may, if desired,-be

made integral, It is preferable, however, to electrically insulate cores 1 from each other in order that the rectifiermay be readily connected for use in anyof the ways hereinbefore described.

The cores l of my improvedrectifying device mayreadily be made of. standard or uniform size, shape, and magnetic flux capacity, and, as a single energizingcoil is used for these cores and a single condenser is employed for the several units of the rectifier, it will be apparent that, when the rectifier is in use, substantially the same magnetic conditions will exist in all of the units thereof, .e., the units will be i in phase.

As the point of magnetic saturation of the.

core members 26 is very low as compared with that of the respective cores 1, the fact that separate'windings 27 are used for the core members 26 will have no effect on the sensitiveness of there'ctifier, In fact, the

. is not limited to the Specific embodiments disclosed herein, but that many changes in -,the construction and arrangement of parts thereof maybe made without any departure from the spirit of. my invention and the scope of the appended claims.

- .Having now described my invention, what I- claim as new and desire'to protect by Letters Patent is as follows:

-1 In an alternating current rectifier, a core structure comprising. a-main portion and a plurality of branches extending from said main portion, the magnetic flux capacity of each of said branches being-substantially less than that of said main portion, said main portion being provided with a single energizing coil and each of. said branches being provided with an energizing coil, substantially as described.

2. In an alternating current rectifier, a core structurecomprising a main portion and a plurality of branches-extending from and connected to said main portion, saidmain portion being provided with a single 'a plurality of vibratory armatures respectively mounted to vibrate between said branches and said main portion, substantially as described.

3. In an-alternating current rectifier, a

' core structure comprising a main portion provided with a plurality of like poles and a plurality of branches extending from said main portion, the free ends of said branches being respectively opposed to and spaced from said poles of said main portion to form air gaps, and a vibratory armature disposed in each of said air gaps, said main portion being provided with a single energizing coil and said branches being each provided with an energizing coil, substantially as described.

4. In an alternating current rectifier, a core structure comprising a main portion provided with a plurality of like poles and a plurality of branches extending from said main portion, the free ends of said branches being respectively opposed to and spaced from said poles of said main portion to form air gaps, and a plurality of vibratory armatures respectively disposed in said air gaps and respectively mounted on said ln'anches, said main portion being provided with a single energizing coil and said branches being each provided with an energizing coil, substantially as described.

5. In an alternating current rectifier, a core portion having a plurality of like poles, a single energizing coil for said core portion, a plurality of magnets respectively cooperating with said poles, and a plurality of armatures each cooperating with and conirolled by but one of said poles and the.

n'lagnet cooperating therewith, substantially as described.

(3. In an alternating current rectifier, a core portion having a plurality of like poles,

a single energizing coil for said core portion, a plurality of magnets respectively cooperating with said poles, the magnetic fiux capacity of said core portion being substantially greater than that of any of said magnets, and a vibratory armature for each of saidpoles and the magnet cooperating therewith, substantially as described.

7. In an alternating current rectifying system, a core structure comprisinga'stationary main portion and a plurality of branches extending from and connected to said main port ion, said branches and main portion being provided with a plurality of pairs of opposed spaced poles, means for producing an alternating magnetic flux in said main portion, and means for producing a uni-directional magnetic llux in each of said branches, substantially as described.

8. In an alternating current rectifier, a plurality of electro-magnets having a common energizing coil, the cores of said mag-- tions respectively cooperating with said contacts for opening and closing circuits, substantially as described.

10. In an alternating current rectifier, a plurality of electro-magnets having a common energizing coil, a stationary contact adjustably mounted on each of said magnets, a plurality of magnets respectively cooperating with said first magnets, a common vib'atory armature for each pair of cooperating magnets, said armatures being each provided with a contact portion respec-' tively cooperating with said contacts for opening and closing circuits, and means for simultaneously adjusting said contacts, substantially as described.

11. In an alternating current rectifier, a plurality of electro-magnets having a common energizing coil, a plurality of magnets respectively cooperating with said electroi'nagnets, each of said second named magnets having a magnetic fiux capacity substantially less than that of the electro-magnet cooperating therewith, and a common armature for each pair of cooperating magnets, substantially as described.

12. In an alternating current rectifier, a plurality of electromagnets of substantially equal magnetic flux capacities, said magnets having a common energizing coil, a plurality of magnets of substantially equal magnetic flux capacities respectively cooperating with said electro-magnets, and a common armature for each pair of cooperating magnets, the magnetic flux capacity of each of said second named magnets being substantially less than that ol the cooperating electro-n'iagnet, substantially as described.

13. In an alternating current rectifying system, a pair of core member sets, means for producing alternating magnetic fluxes in one set of core members in synchronism with the alternating current to be rectified,-

said means comprising a single energizing coil, embracing all the core membersof such set, the other set of core members being of unchanging polarity, one set of core members respectively cooperating with the other set f coreemembers, and a vibratory armature for each pair of cooperating core men bers, substantially as described;

14. In an-alternating.current rectifier, a plurality of magnets each provided with a stationary contact adjustably mounted thereon, a plurality of magnets respectivelycooperating with said first magnets, a common vibratory armature for each pairofcooperating magnets,- said armatures being provided withcontact portions respectively cooperating with the stationary contacts for opening and closing circuits, and means for simultaneously adjusting all of said contacts toward and away from said armatures. substantially as described. 4

15. In an alternating current rectifier, a

plurality of pairs ofmagnets, each of said pairs of magnets. being provlded with a pair of opposed and spaced poles to form an air gap, and a vibratory armature disposed in each of such a1r gaps, a plurality of core members, one for each of said pairs of magnets, being provided with and embraced by a common energizing coil, substantially as described.

16. In an alternating current rectifying system, a source of alternating current, a device having uni-directional electromotive force, and a rectifier comprising a plurality of pairs of cooperative magnets,a'plurality of core members, one for each of said pairs of magnets, being provided with a com; mon energlzing 0011, said 0011 being connected to the source of alternating current,

and a plurality of core members, one for each of said pairs of magnets,,being provided with energizing means comprising coil for each of. such core members, and connections between each of said last named 18. In an alternating current rectifier, a

core structure comprisinga plurality of sections electrically insulated from each other, a'slnfgle energizing coil for said sections, a

I plurality of core members respectively co- \operating-' with said sections, and a sepa- ..1 ate energiz ng 0011 for each of said core u... I. 7 members, substantially as described.

19. In analternatmg current rect1fier,-a core structure comprising a plurality of sections, a single energizing coil for said sections. a plurality of core members respectively cooperating with said sections, a sepa'rate energizing coil for each of said core members, and a. vibratory armature for each of said sections and the core member (:0- operating therewith, substantially as' described.

20. In an alternating current rectifier, a core structure comprising a plurality ofsections, a single energizing coil for said sections, a plurality of core members respectively cooperating with said sections, a separate energizing coal for each. of said core members, a stationary contact mounted on each of said sections, and a vibratory armature for each of said sections and the core member cooperating therewith, said armstures being provided with contact portions respectively cooperating with said contacts for opening and closing circuits, substan tially as described. 21. In an alternating current rectifier, a core structure comprising a plurality of sections, a single energizing coil for said sec tions, a plurality of core members respectivelycooperating with said sections,a sep- -arate energizing coil for each of said core members, a stationary contact adjustably mounted on each of said sections, a vibratory armature for each of said sections and the core member cooperatingtherewith, said arn'iatur'es being provided with contact portions respectively cooperating with said con tacts for opening and closing circuits, and means for simultaneously adjusting said contacts toward and away from said armatures, substantially as described.

This specification signed and witnessed this 2 nd day of July, 1913.

JERRY CHESLER. Witnesses WILLIAM A. HARDY, FREDERICK BACHMANN.

ion in Correct Letters Patent in. I ,1 82,894

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,182,894, granted May 16, 1916,

upon the application of Jerry Choslcr, of East Orange. New Jersey, for an improvement in Alternnting-Uurrent Rectifiers and .iiectih 'ing Systems," an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as 'foliows: Page 9, line 74, claim 20, for the word coal read coil; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in thePatent Ofiice.

- Signed and sealed this 28th day of November, A. D., 1916.

[SEALJ F. W. 11. CLA Y;

Acting Commissioner of Patents. Cl. 175365. 

